Contents
Integrated Pest Management – 1990
Pest control methods (mainly chemical) are only used when there is a danger to the vines.
+ Authorized additives
Bio – 1962
0% chemicals in the vineyard
Max 100 mg sulphite* per liter for red wines
Max 150 mg/L for whites
40+ authorized additives
Biodynamics – 1924
0% chemicals
0% added ingredients (yeast, sulfites…)
+ Authorized animal substances (egg white,
gelatin, fish glue for gluing wine**)
+ Cow horn used as medicine
homeopathic for vines.
+ Consideration of lunar and planetary rhythms
Nature – early 2010s
0% chemicals
0% chemical additives
+ Authorized natural yeasts
+ Authorized animal substances
* Sulphites are used to stabilize wine for preservation.
** Wine fining: this stage consists of using a binder to agglomerate floating particles in the wine to optimize filtration. This is by no means a compulsory step.
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